Comparison of psychological characteristics (anxiety, depression, stress) of inpatients and outpatients with covid-19

Authors

1 M.A in social education in health system, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 M.A of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/aftj.2022.180725

Abstract

Aim: The present study compared the psychological characteristics of critically ill and hospitalized patients with outpatients suffering from covid-19. Research method: The statistical population of this research includes all inpatients and outpatients who visited the health centers of Ivan city in the second 6 months of 2020, for whom a definitive diagnosis of Covid-19 disease was given using the PCR test. The sampling method of the present study was available sampling. 200 people (100 people from each group) from people with covid-19 who received inpatient or outpatient services in the health centers of Eyvan city and were confirmed to have the disease based on the PCR diagnostic test, were selected as a statistical sample. DASS-21 anxiety, depression, stress questionnaire was used for measurement and evaluation. Data analysis was done using the t-test of independent groups. Results: The data analysis results showed a significant difference between the level of anxiety, depression and stress of inpatients and outpatients. In this case, hospitalized patients reported a higher level of anxiety, depression and stress. Conclusion: Suppose the psychological aspects effective in the disease while reducing the cases of death and hospitalization cases, considering the possibility of all people in the society being affected by identifying people prone to psychological disorders at different levels of the society, whose mental health may be endangered; The mental health of these people can be maintained through appropriate psychological solutions and techniques. Also, paying attention to the psychological condition of patients while making them resistant to the disturbances caused by the disease can reduce the psychological complications caused by the disease after the long treatment period and the prevalence of mental disorders in the society.

Keywords

References

Asmundoson Gordon  J.C & Taylor S. How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decisionmakers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211.
Farah M.A. Mansuri, FCPS. Situation analysis and an insight into assessment of pandemic COVID-19.2020, Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. https ://doi.org/10.1016 /j.jtumed.2020.04.001.
Guan, W.-j., Ni, Z.-y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-h., Ou, C.-q., He, J.-x., et al., 2020. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease.
Kalateh A, Lankarani B. Risk Society, Global Vulnerability and Fragile Resilience; Sociological View on the Coronavirus Outbreak.  Shiraz E-Medical Journal: 2020, 21 (4), 9:4-7.
Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF(1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. 2nd ed. Sydney: PsychologyFoundation. (Available from The Psychology Foundation, Room 1005 Mathews Building, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia).
Sarpinho A. Health Psychologhy. Ahmadi A, Eftekhar Ardebili H, Jazayeri A, Shafie F, Ghavamian P, Garmarudi Gh, et al. (Persian translators). First edition. Tehran: Growth Publication; 2005 , pp: 43-128. [Persian] . http://kafe ketab.com/product
Sood, S. (2020). Psychological effects of the Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Research & Humanities in Medical Education, 7, 23-26.
STAT V, Branswell  H. Limited data on coronavirus may be skewing assumptions about severity.2020, https://crofsblogs.typepad.com/h5n1/2020/01/the-lessons-of-flu-blogging.html.
Steenblock C,Todrov V,Kanczkowski W, Eisnhofar G, Schedl A, Wong ML,et al.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirous 2(SARS-COV-2) and the neuroendocrine stress AXIS. Mol psychiatry 2020:25(8):1611-17.
Sijia Li, Yilin Wang, Jia Xue , Nan Zhao, and Tingshao Zhu. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic Declaration on Psychological Consequences: A Study on Active Weibo Users. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health17,2032 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062032.
Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian journal of psychiatry, 1, 2066-2068.
Verikios, G., Sullivan, M., Stojanovski, P., Giesecke, J., Woo, G., 2016. Assessing regional risks from pandemic influenza: a scenario analysis. World Econ. 39 (8), 1225–1255.
World Health Organization (WHO), 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 69. World Health Organization.
Yao H, Chen JH, Xu YF. Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. The lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e21.
Yang L, Wu D, Hou Y, Wang X, Dai N, Wang G,et al. Analysis of psychological state and clinical psychological intervention model of patients with COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020.
Yang L, Wu D, Hou Y, Wang X, Dai N, Wang G,et al. Analysis of psychological state and clinical psychological intervention model of patients with COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020.
Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020; 382(8):727e33.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 January 2022
  • Revise Date: 09 February 2022
  • Accept Date: 09 March 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics