Prediction of nomophobia based on attachment styles with the mediating role of loneliness in adolescents

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD student in general psychology, Saveh branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Neuroscience Department of Neurology, School of Medicine Neuroscience Research Center Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

3 Assisstant Professor, Department of Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran

10.22034/aftj.2023.341333.1571

Abstract

Aim: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the child's attitude towards parents on critical thinking with the mediating role of moral foundations. Method: in the form of a predictive correlation design, 404 people (girls and boys) from young people about to get married were selected by available sampling method and using Klein's sample size formula (formula 1 to 20). The research tool included standard questionnaires of child's attitude towards father (CAF) and mother (CAM), critical thinking (CTDI), moral foundations (MFQ-30). SPSS19 and Smart-PLS software were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that 30.4% of the changes in critical thinking are variables of the child's attitude towards the mother and the child's attitude towards the father (P<0.001). Also, the results related to the mediating role of moral foundations showed that the child's attitude towards parents through moral foundations does not have an indirect effect on critical thinking, respectively -0.005 (p=0.285) and -0.003 (p=0.214) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the child's attitude towards parents has an effect on the critical thinking of young people. Therefore, paying attention to these mechanisms can be useful in formulating effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for teenagers about to get married.

Keywords

Main Subjects


AlperAy, F., Karakaya, A., & Yilmaz, K. (2015). Relations between selfleadership. and critical thinking skills. Procedia- social and Behavioral sciences, 207: 29- 41.
Batool, H, Khan, A.M., & Ashraf, S. (2019). Analysis of Parental Attitude among Parents having children with Intellectual Disability, Journal of Early Childhood Care and Education (JECCE), 2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30971/jecce.v2i0.149.
Cheavens, J., Rosenthal, M., Daughters, S., Nowak, J., Kosson, D., & Lynch, T. (2005). An analogue investigation of the relationships among perceived parental criticism, negative affect, and borderline personality disorder features: The role of thought suppression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43: 257–268.
Clifford, S., Iyengar, V., Cabeza, R., & Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2015). Moral foundations vignettes: a standardized stimulus database of scenarios based on moral foundations theory. Behav. Res. Methods 47: 1178–1198.
Cottrell, S. (2017). Critical Thinking Skills: Effective Analysis, Argument and Reflection, Macmillan Education UK.
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 49(3): 182.
DeOliveira, C. A., Moran, G., & Pederson, D. R. (2005). Understanding the link between maternal adult attachment classifications and thoughts and feelings about emotions. Attachment & Human Development;7(2):153–170.
Fam, J. Y., Yaacob, S. N., Juhari, R., Arshat, Z., & Mukhtar, F. (2017). General attitudes towards marriage scale: Psychometric properties in Malaysian adolescents of divorced families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(12): 3351-3359.
Gloudemans, H. A., Schalk, R. M. J. D., & Reynaert, W. (2013). The relationship between critical thinking skills and self-efficacy beliefs in mental health nurses. Nurse Education Today, 33(3): 275–280.
Hadson, GL. (1982). Parent-Child interaction and anxiety disorders: an observational study. Behav Res Ther, 39(12):1411-27.
Haidt, J. (2008). Morality.Perspectives on psychological science,3(1): 65-72.
Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. (1995). Parental involvement in children’s education: Why does it make a difference? Teacher College Record, 97, 310-331.
Kakai, H. (2001). The effect of independent and interdependent self-construal on the development of critical thinking dispositions: A quantitative and qualitative study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, United States. (AAT No.3017402).
Khanzadeh, A. A., Ahangar Ghorbani, Z., Behzad Far, F., Seyed Nouri, S. Z., & Taher, M. (2020). The relationship between the child's attitude towards parents and the degree of opposite sex orientation and the level of compromise in adolescent girls. School Psychology, 9(1), 7-29. (Persian)
Kim, KH, & Hwang, EH. (2016). nfluence of Ego-Resilience, Critical Thinking Disposition, and Self Leadership on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy in Nursing Students, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 17(2):436.
Koesten, J., Schrodt, P., & Ford, D.J. (2009). Cognitive flexibility as a mediator of family communication environments and young adults well-being . Health Communication, 24: 82 – 94 .
Lapsley, D. (2019). Phronesis, virtues and the developmental science of character. Human Development, 62(3): 130–141.
Lu, Y., Pettigrew, J., Shin, Y., Castillo, M. A., & Allsup, J. (2020). How does family communication relate to adolescent dating violence and externalizing behaviors? The role of parent-adolescent risk communication and attitudes toward violence in a Nicaraguan sample. Health communication, 1-10.
Ozden-Yıldırım, M.S.  & Ermis, E.N. (2017). Critical thinking Disposition and Dyadic Adjustment: The Moderator Role of Employment Status of Women. New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences.[Online]. 07, 23-32 .
Paul, R.  & Elder, L. (2019). The miniature guide to critical thinking concepts and tools (8th ed.). Lanham, Boulder, New York and London: Rownman & Littlefield.
Paul, R.W. (2018). Critical Thinking and the Critical Person, 1st Edition, Routledge.
Riahi, M., & Khayatan, F. (2018). The relationship between attitude towards parents, trust in interpersonal relationships and attitude towards premarital relationship with desire to marry in single youths of Isfahan city. Women and Family Studies, 6(1), 69-92. (Persian)
Sanagoizadeh, M. (2016). Discovering the dimensions of problems between parents and adolescent boys and developing a family counseling package with Islamic orientation and comparing its effect with functional family therapy on problems, attitude of adolescent boys towards parents and family functioning, research project. (Persian)
Sanai, B. (2008). family and marriage measurement scales. Tehran: Ba'ath Publications. (Persian)
Simpson, A. (2017). Moral Foundations Theory: Background, Review, and Scaffolding for Future Research. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1-19.
Stallman, H. M. & Ohan, J. L. (2016). Parenting style, parental adjustment, and co-parental conflict: Differential predictors of child psychosocial adjustment following divorce. Behaviour Change, 33(2), 112-126.
Stepanova, E. (2015). The Spiritual and Moral Foundations of Civilization in Every Nation for Thousands of Years': The Traditional Values Discourse in Russia. Politics, Religion and Ideology 16: 119-136.
Tsai,M.C. & Chen,W.C. (2018). Family, Work and Wellbeing in Asia (Quality of Life in Asia, 9), ‎ Springer; Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2017 edition (December 12, 2018).