تدوین بسته آموزشی تربیت جنسی کودکان از تولد تا 5 سالگی ویژه والدین و تعیین اثربخشی آن بر دانش و نگرش و عملکرد والدین نسبت به پیشگیری از سواستفاده جنسی و احساس کفایت والدگری آنها در دو گروه مادران عادی و تنها (والد-مادر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کاندیدای دکتری، روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

3 ﺍﺳﺗﺎﺩ ﮔﺭﻭﻩ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺷﻧﺎﺳﻲ تربیتی، ﺩﺍﻧﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻁﺑﺎﻁﺑﺎﻳﻲ ، ﺗﻬﺭﺍﻥ، ﺍﻳﺭﺍﻥ

4 استاد، گروه روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

5 دانشیار، گروه سنجش و اندازه‌گیری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: هدف این پژوهش، طراحی یک بسته آموزشی تربیت جنسی ویژه مادران و تاثیر آن بر دانش و نگرش و عملکرد نسبت به سواستفاده جنسی و احساس کفایت والدگری در گروه مادران عادی و تنها بود. روش پژوهش: این پژوهش، از جهت تدوین یک بسته آموزشی جدید، پژوهشی بنیادی و از جهت کاربست آن در آموزش والدین، پژوهشی کاربردی است. در طراحی بسته از روش کیفی و در بررسی اثربخشی بسته بر دانش، نگرش و عملکرد و احساس کفایت والدگری، از روش کمی استفادده میشود. جامعه آماری پژوهش برای والدین دو گروه، به دلیل عدم حضور پدران و عدم امکان آموزش به آنها، مادران جهت پژوهش انتخاب شدند. مادران کودکان عادی شامل مادران مراجعه کننده به مهد کودک ها و مراکز نگهداری شهر تهران و برای کودکان تک والد (والد-مادر)جامعه آماری مادران شاهد دارای کودکان پیش از دبستان هستند. ابتدا به منظور استخراج تمام مولفه های مهم و کاربردی در زمینه آموزش تربیت جنسی منابع و پژوهش های انجام گرفته مرتبط با موضوع طی ده سال اخیر (2010 تا 2020) انتخاب و بررسی شد. سپس به منظور تائید مولفه های مهم و کاربردی به دست آمده از منابع کتبی، پرسشنامه دلفی برای متخصصان وصاحب نظران به حوزه تعلیم و تربیت کودک، در رشته روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی که تخصص در حوزه تربیت جنسی و سو استفاده جنسی داشتند، و به روش در دسترس و گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند ،ارسال شد. به منظور اجرای بسته طراحی شده، ابتدا از بین مهدکودک های عادی و شاهد شهر تهران ، مادران دارای کودک زیر 5 سال با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب می شوند، تعداد نمونه، برای هر گروه مادران کودکان عادی و تک والد، 60 نفر بود که بصورت تصادفی انتخاب شده (حمعا 120نفر) و در دو گروه کنترل و آزمایش اول و دوم، (هر گروه 30 نفر) قرار گرفتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Development of a sexual education package for children from birth to 5 years old, especially for parents, and determining its effectiveness on parents' knowledge, attitude and practice towards preventing sexual abuse and their sense of parenting adequacy in two groups of normal and single mothers (parent-mother)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soudeh Mortezaei far 1
  • soghra ebrahimi qavam Also known as 2
  • Fariborz Dortaj 3
  • Esmaeil Sadipour 4
  • Norali Farokhi 5
1 PhD Candidate, Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran
3 Full Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabatab'I University, Tehran ,Iran
4 Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
5 Associate Professor, Department of Measurement, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to design an educational package for sex education for mothers and its effect on knowledge, attitude and practice towards sexual abuse and the feeling of parenting adequacy in the group of normal and single mothers. Method: This research is a fundamental research in terms of compiling a new educational package and an applied research in terms of its application in parent education. Qualitative method is used in package design and quantitative method is used in evaluating the effectiveness depending on the knowledge, attitude and practice and feeling of parenting adequacy. The statistical population of the study for the parents of the two groups, due to the absence of fathers and the impossibility of educating them, mothers were selected for the study. Mothers of normal children, including mothers who refer to kindergartens and care centers in Tehran, and for single-parent children (parent-mother), the statistical population of control mothers have preschool children. First, in order to extract all the important and practical components in the field of sex education, resources and research related to the subject during the last ten years (2010 to 2020) were selected and reviewed. Then, in order to confirm the important and practical components obtained from written sources, the Delphi questionnaire for specialists and experts in the field of child education, in the field of psychology and educational sciences who specialized in the field of sexual education and sexual abuse, and by method Available and snowballs were selected, sent. In order to implement the designed package, first, among normal and control kindergartens in Tehran, mothers with children under 5 years old are selected by available sampling method. The number of samples for each group of mothers of normal children and single parents was 60 people. Which were randomly selected (120 people in total) and were divided into two groups of control and the first and second experiments (30 people in each group). To collect data, Delphi questionnaire, knowledge questionnaire, attitude and practice questionnaire. Parents' response to sexual harassment, parenting adequacy feeling scale was used. In order to analyze the information obtained, the qualitative method and the Delphi questionnaire were used; In this step, standard analysis was used and inferential statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the training package. Results: The results of the study showed that the intervention based on the treatment of child sexual education among mothers, in all components in the experimental group of normal mothers and single parents had an increasing effect on knowledge, attitude, communication performance. The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest experimental groups and control groups in terms of parental adequacy variable (P <0.001). Conclusion: Findings show that the intervention program had a greater effect in the single parent group than the normal group in all variables.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sex education
  • knowledge
  • sexual harassment
  • feeling of parenting adequacy

مراجع

سالمی، صفورا.،  نعامی، عبدالزهرا.، زرگر، یداله.، داودی، ایران. (1395). اثربخشی درمان شناختی رفتاری متمرکز بر تروما بر شایستگی اجتماعی و تنظیم هیجانی کودکان آزاردید. پژوهش‌های روانشناسی اجتماعی. 6(23): 76-65.
ویسی، سعید.، ایمانی، صدف.، بهروز، بهزاد.، ایمانی، سارینا. (1399). ارزیابی ویژگی‌های روانسنجی مقیاس کوتاه ترس از ابتلا به بیماری کرونا ویروس (کووید-19). مجله پیشرفت­های نوین در علوم رفتاری، 5، (42)، 10-1.
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خانواده درمانی کاربردی
دوره 4، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 17
مجموعه مقالات حوزه خانواده و فرزند
شهریور 1402
صفحه 525-547

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 اسفند 1400

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